Color Coded Latin: A Teaching Method
by Kathleen Canning
© 2011
Download "Color Coded" Latin Teaching Method
- Preface
- Color Chart
- First Declension
- Second Declension
- Third Declension
- Fourth Declension
- Fifth Declension
- First Conjugation
- Second Conjugation
- Third Conjugation
- Fourth Conjugation
- Irregular Verbs
- Latin Sentences Using Declensions and Conjugations
- The Genitive Case
- The Dative Case
- Prepositional Phrases
- Pronouns
- Interrogative Pronouns
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Subjunctive ARE Verbs
- Subjunctive Long ERE 2nd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive ERE 3rd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive I-Stem 3rd Conjugation Verbs
- Subjunctive IRE 4th Conjugation Verbs
Third Declension Nouns
Third declension nouns can be masculine, feminine or neuter.
Some third declension nouns are called I- stem nouns. I-stem nouns also come in the masculine, feminine and neuter.
The genitive singular of all third declension nouns is (IS)
The nominative singular of third declension nouns varies from word to word. In these charts I will use __ (blank) to represent the nominative singular.
Some third declension nouns change their spelling in the genitive (s).
*Once the change is made it stays changed (except for the neuter rule).
* Once you master the third declension nouns it will be very easy to learn how to manipulate first ,second and third declension nouns for use with second and third declension adjectives.
* REMINDER
All neuter nouns have the same form in the nominative and accusative and in the nominative and accusative plural the last letter will be (A).
1. regular third declension M, F, N 2. I-stems M, F, N
Below you will find the charts needed for all third declension noun types. You will be able to recycle these endings for third declension adjectives.
The third declension is by far the most confusing of all declensions both because of its I- stems and due to the variety of spell changes that occur in all three genders in the regular and I stem categories.
The following charts will be accompanied by some of the common vocabulary words of the third declension.
Common spell change rules will be noted and useful vocabulary will be presented.
All third declension words and charts will use the color green. Green will stand for a genitive singular of (is).
| 3rd - M&F | 3rd - N | 3rd - I-stem M&F | 3rd - I-stem N | ||||
| __ | es | __ | a | __ | es | __ | ia |
| is | um | is | um | is | ium | is | ium |
| i | ibus | i | ibus | i | ibus | i | ibus |
| em | es | __ | a | em | es | __ | ia |
| e | ibus | e | ibus | e | ibus | i | ibus |
Note the difference between masculine/feminine and neuter. The neuter accusatives are identical to the neuter nominatives and their plurals always end in A.
Note that the masculine /feminine I-stems differ from the regular only in the genitive plural.
I -stem neuters, however, have multiple changes. In the ablative singular the (e) becomes an (i) and the nominative, genitive and accusative plurals have an extra (i).
These charts can be reused when we reach 3rd declension adjectives.
This section will contain third declension vocabulary broken down by regular and I stem and further broken down by gender. This will be very helpful when we start adjective study. Notice the spell changes that often occur in the genitive singular. Keep the spell changes.
The nominative and genitive (with appropriate spell changes) of common 3rd declension words.
3rd Declension M&F
| (M) | |
| consul | consulis |
| dux | ducis |
| frater | fratris |
| homo | hominis |
| miles | militis |
| pater | patris |
| pes | pedis |
| rex | regis |
| (F) | |
| aestas | aestatis |
| civitas | civitatis |
| lux | lucis |
| mater | matris |
| pars | partis |
| pax | pacis |
| soror | sororis |
| virtus | virtutis |
3rd Declension N
| caput | capitis |
| carmen | carminis |
| corpus | corporis |
| flumen | fluminis |
| iter | itineris |
| nomen | nominis |
| tempus | temporis |
| vulnus | vulneris |
3rd Declension N I-stem
| animal | animalis |
| mare | maris |
3rd Declension I-stem M&F
| civis | civis |
| gens | gentis |
| mors | mortis |
| urbs | urbis |
Spell Changes
Original nominative endings and spell change:
| s | to | t |
| x | to | c/g |
| men | to | min |
| us | to | er/or |
| put | to | pit |
| er | often | drop the (e) |
| iter | there is | an ( in ) in iter |
| is words | stay the same |
Vocabulary:
| aestas | summer | f | caput | head | n | |
| animal | animal | n | mare | sea | n | |
| consul | consul | m | carmen | song | n | |
| dux | leader | m | civitas | citizenship | m/f | |
| frater | brother | m | flumen | river | n | |
| homo | man | m | iter | journey | n | |
| mater | mother | f | lux | light | f | |
| miles | soldier | m | nomen | name | n | |
| pater | father | m | pars | part | f | |
| pes | foot | m | pax | peace | f | |
| rex | king | m | tempus | time | n | |
| soror | sister | f | vulnus | wound | n |
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