Color Coded Latin: A Teaching Method

by Kathleen Canning

© 2011

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1. Preface
2. Color Chart
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3. First Declension
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4. Second Declension
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5. Third Declension
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6. Fourth Declension
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7. Fifth Declension
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8. First Conjugation
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9. Second Conjugation
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10. Third Conjugation
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11. Fourth Conjugation
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12. Irregular Verbs
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13. Latin Sentences Using Declensions and Conjugations
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14. The Genitive Case
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15. The Dative Case
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16. Prepositional Phrases
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17. Pronouns
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18. Interrogative Pronouns
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19. Demonstrative Pronouns
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20. Subjunctive ARE Verbs
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21. Subjunctive Long ERE 2nd Conjugation Verbs
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22. Subjunctive ERE 3rd Conjugation Verbs
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23. Subjunctive I-Stem 3rd Conjugation Verbs
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24. Subjunctive IRE 4th Conjugation Verbs
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Second Declension

Second Declension Nouns and Adjectives are usually masculine or neuter.

The genitive singular for all second declension nouns will be a single (i)

Second declension nouns can end in US-IUS-ER(masculine)or UM-IUM (neuter)

Vocatives will be the same as the nominative except for the nominative singular . us to e and ius to i. (*)= nominative

Second Declension Masculine

	US		IUS		R
Nominative	us	i	ius	ii	r	i
Genitive	i	orum	i	orum	i	orum
Dative	o	is	io	iis	o	is
Accusative	um	os	ium	ios	um	os
Ablative	o	is	io	iis	o	is
Vocative	us-e	ius-i*	*	*	*	*

Second Declension Neuter

	UM		IUM
Nominative	um	a	ium	ia
Genitive	i	orum	i	iorum
Dative	o	is	io	iis
Accusative	um	a	ium	ia
Ablative	o	is	io	iis
Vocative	*	*	*	*

There are some simple rules and shortcuts to guide the learner through the second declension.

As seen in the charts on the previous page there are five possible endings in the nominative singular for second declension nouns. Three types are for the masculine gender and two are for the neuter gender.

Both genders take a single (i) for the genitive singular. As in the first declension find the base by dropping the genitive singular (i)

The genitive singular of all second declension, masculine & neuter words, will be a single (i). This can create a slight problem when dealing with IUS and IUM words. The easiest way to deal with them is to drop that extra (i) in the genitive singular only. Then put the (i) back on (see charts) and remember that the masculine will end up having a double (i) in the nominative, dative and ablative plurals. The neuter words will have a double (i) in the dative and ablative plural. (shortcut) *For both IUS and IUM the extra (i) will show up in all cases except the genitive singular.

US	IUS	R	UM	IUM
legatus	filius	puer	oppidum	consilium
legati	fili	pueri	oppidi	consili
legato	filio	puero	oppido	consilio
legatum	filium	puerum	oppidum	consilium
legato	filio	puero	oppido	consilio
legati	filii	pueri	oppida	consilia
legatorum	filiorum	puerorum	oppidorum	consiliorum
legatis	filiis	pueris	oppidis	consiliis
legatos	filios	pueros	oppida	consilia
legatis	filiis	pueris	oppidis	consiliis

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