Color Coded Latin: A Teaching Method

by Kathleen Canning

© 2011



Download "Color Coded" Latin Teaching Method
  1. Preface
  2. Color Chart
  3. First Declension
  4. Second Declension
  5. Third Declension
  6. Fourth Declension
  7. Fifth Declension
  8. First Conjugation
  9. Second Conjugation
  10. Third Conjugation
  11. Fourth Conjugation
  12. Irregular Verbs
  13. Latin Sentences Using Declensions and Conjugations
  14. The Genitive Case
  15. The Dative Case
  16. Prepositional Phrases
  17. Pronouns
  18. Interrogative Pronouns
  19. Demonstrative Pronouns
  20. Subjunctive ARE Verbs
  21. Subjunctive Long ERE 2nd Conjugation Verbs
  22. Subjunctive ERE 3rd Conjugation Verbs
  23. Subjunctive I-Stem 3rd Conjugation Verbs
  24. Subjunctive IRE 4th Conjugation Verbs


Latin sentences using declensions (1-5) and verbs from the 4 conjugations in 6 tenses.

There will be a subject (nominative case) and a direct object (accusative case) and adjectives of the second and third declension in the sentences. I will color code them for easy reference and set up a small color charts for you to follow.

Nouns:


2M us-i-o-um-o i-orum-is-os-is
1F a-ae-ae-am-a ae-arum-is-as-is
2N um-i-o-um-o a-orum-is-a-is
3M/F is-i-em-e es-um-ibus-es-ibus
3N is-i-__e a-um-ibus-a-ibus
3M/F_(I-Stem) is-i-em-e es-ium-ibus-es-ibus
3N_(I-Stem) is-i-__i ia-ium-ibus-ia-ibus
4M us-us-ui-um-u us-uum-ibus-us-ibus
4N u-us-u-u-u ua-uum-ibus-ua-ibus
5F(m) es-ei-ei-em-e es-erum-ebus-es-ebus
TENSES_1-2-3 TENSES_4-5-6
1____ _____
2____ _____
3____ _____
3_i-STEM _____
4____ _____

The good women praised many farmers.

Subjects = Nominative Case

Direct Objects = Accusative Case

Verb = Tense 2 or 4



Bonae feminae multos agricolas laudaverunt. (tense 4)

case: Women is nominative so good is nominative.

number Women is plural so good is plural.

gender Women is feminine so good is feminine.

case Farmers is accusative so many is accusative

number Farmers is plural so many is plural

gender Farmer is masculine (1st*) so many is masculine *(blue)

verb: Past tense (4) 3rd plural farmers = they have the stem AVI

verb Frequently placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of clauses within the sentence.



The fierce leader will have captured the bold enemies.

Acer dux audacies hostes ceperit.

acer dux Both noun and adjective are 3 rd decl. singular-nominative.

audacies hostes Both bold and enemies are 3-I-stem-3-I-stem 3rd decl. plural- accusative.

ceperit 3rd conjugation, tense 6 & person 3-s. stem cepi (drop i) add (he-t)



Review:

Subject: To find a subject in a sentence ask (Who or What ) before the verb.

The girl threw the stone.Who threw it? Girl (subject)

Direct Object To find the direct object ask (Whom or What) after the verb.

The girl threw what? stone (direct object)

Put the subjects in the nominative case and the direct objects in the accusative case.

*Not all verbs can take direct objects. We will deal with those verbs in another lesson.

A verb that can take a direct object is called a transitive verb.

* All verb endings MUST agree with the subject in person and number.

Practice Sentences: 1. The bold girl saw the fierce boys.

Audax puella acres pueros vidit.

2. The tall men captured the fierce animals.

Alti viri fera animalia ceperunt.

Try this one:

3. The bad sisters praised the fierce soldiers.

malus-a-um

soror-sororis

laudo-are-avi-atum

acer-acris

miles-militis

Helpful Hint: Keep declension colors and conjugation colors on index cards.

Translating from Latin to English:

1) Step one is to look at the verb ending. The first thing you want to know is if it is singular or plural.

2) Glance at your first noun and see if that is a match. If it is then it is probably your subject. (Include any adjectives next to the word.)

3) If you do not have a noun subject, you may use the verb ending for a subject BUT all sentences must have a subject and a verb and make sense.

Sample:

We praise the good boys Laudamus bonos pueros.You can use (MUS ) (WE) as the subject.

Subjects can be nouns or pronouns. Try to translate the next three samples.

o-s-t - mus-tis-nt

1) Audiveruntceleres equos.

2) Monuit puellas parvas.

3) Ducebamequos magnos.

Translate to English and try to identify the declension and case of each noun and the verb tense.

Cives fortes milites bonos monuerunt. monuerunt = they have &[ they] = brave citizens

The brave citizens warned/have warned the good soldiers.

1) Mea mater meas sorores vocabit

2) Tuus frater cives miseros monebat.

3)Laudabimus milites nostros.

4)Portaveramus tela .

5) Poetae magni urbem et ducem laudaverunt

Answers:

1) My mother will call my sisters.

2) Your brother warned the wretched citizens.

3) We will praise our soldiers.

4) We had carried weapons.

5) The great poets praised/has praised the city and the leader.

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