Verb Charts - Fourth Conjugation Indicative and Subjunctive

Fourth Conjugation Endings on Present Stem, Indicative, Audio -ire I hear

audio audire audivi auditus a um Copyright 2012 by Ed Kotski and Kathleen Canning

Present Imperative Singlular = Audi Present Imperative Plural = Audite

TABLE 1 Present Stem Indicative

PRESENT	ACTIVE	_	PRESENT	PASSIVE
Audio	I_hear	_	Audior	I_am_heard
Audis	You_hear	_	Audiris	You_are_heard
Audit	He_hears	_	Auditur	He_is_heard
Audimus	We_hear	_	Audimur	We_are_heard
Auditis	You_hear	_	Audimini	You_are_heard
Audiunt	They_hear	_	Audiuntur	They_are_heard
_	_	_	_	_
IMPERFECT	ACTIVE	_	IMPERFECT	PASSIVE
Audiebam	I_was_hearing	_	Audiebar	I_was_being_heard
Audiebas	You_were_hearing	_	Audiebaris	You_were_being_heard
Audiebat	He_was_hearing	_	Audiebatur	He_was_being_heard
Audiebamus	We_were_hearing	_	Audiebamur	We_were_being_heard
Audiebatis	You_were_hearing	_	Audiebamini	You_were_being_heard
Audiebant	They_were_hearing	_	Audiebantur	They_were_being_heard
_	_	_	_	_
FUTURE	ACTIVE	_	FUTURE	PASSIVE
Audiam	I_will_hear	_	Audiar	I_will_be_heard
Audies	You_will_hear	_	Audieris	You_will_be_heard
Audiet	He_will_hear	_	Audietur	He_will_be_heard
Audiemus	We_will_hear	_	Audiemur	We_will_be_heard
Audietis	You_will_hear	_	Audiemini	You_will_be_heard
Audient	They_will_hear	_	Audientur	They_will_be_heard

Fourth Conjugation Endings on Present Stem, Subjunctive, Audio -ire I (might) hear

TABLE 2 Present Stem Subjunctive

PRESENT	ACTIVE	_	PRESENT	PASSIVE
Audiam	I_might_hear	_	Audiar	I_might_be_heard
Audias	You_might_hear	_	Audiaris	You_might_be_heard
Audiat	He_might_hear	_	Audiatur	He_might_be_heard
Audiamus	We_might_hear	_	Audiamur	We_might_be_heard
Audiatis	You_might_hear	_	Audiamini	You_might_be_heard
Audiant	They_might_hear	_	Audiantur	They_might_be_heard
_	_	_	_	_
IMPERFECT	ACTIVE	_	IMPERFECT	PASSIVE
Audirem	if_I_were_hearing	_	Audirer	if_I_were_being_heard
Audires	if_You_were_hearing	_	Audireris	if_You_were_being_heard
Audiret	if_He_were_hearing	_	Audiretur	if_He_were_being_heard
Audiremus	if_We_were_hearing	_	Audiremur	if_We_were_being_heard
Audiretis	if_You_were_hearing	_	Audiremini	if_You_were_being_heard
Audirent	if_They_were_hearing	_	Audirentur	if_They_were_being_heard

Fourth Conjugation Endings on Perfect Stem, Indicative, Audio -ire I hear

TABLE 3 Perfect Stem Indicative

PERFECT	ACTIVE	_	PERFECT	PASSIVE
Audivi	I_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_sum	I_have_been_heard
Audivisti	You_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_es	You_have_been_heard
Audivit	He_has_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_est	He_has_been_heard
Audivimus	We_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_sumus	We_have_been_heard
Audivistis	You_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_estis	You_have_been_heard
Audiverunt	They_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_sunt	They_have_been_heard
_	_	_	_	_
PLUPERFECT	ACTIVE	_	PLUPERFECT	PASSIVE
Audiveram	I_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_eram	I_had_been_heard
Audiveras	You_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_eras	You_had_been_heard
Audiverat	He_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_erat	He_had_been_heard
Audiveramus	We_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_eramus	We_had_been_heard
Audiveratis	You_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_eratis	You_had_been_heard
Audiverant	They_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_erant	They_had_been_heard
_	_	_	_	_
FUT_PERF	ACTIVE	_	FUTURE_PERFECT	PASSIVE
Audivero	I_will_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_ero	I_will_have_been_heard
Audiveris	You_will_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_eris	You_will_have_been_heard
Audiverit	He_will_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_erit	He_will_have_been_heard
Audiverimus	We_will_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_erimus	We_will_have_been_heard
Audiveritis	You_will_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_eritis	You_will_have_been_heard
Audiverint	They_will_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_erunt	They_will_have_been_heard

Fourth Conjugation Endings on Perfect Stem, Subjunctive, Audio -ire I (might) hear

TABLE 4 Perfect Stem Subjunctive

PERFECT	ACTIVE	_	PERFECT	PASSIVE
Audiverim	I_might_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_sim	I_might_have_been_heard
Audiveris	You_might_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_sis	You_might_have_been_heard
Audiverit	He_might_have_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_sit	He_might_have_been_heard
Audiverimus	We_might_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_simus	We_might_have_been_heard
Audiveritis	You_might_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_sitis	You_might_have_been_heard
Audiverint	They_might_have_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_sint	They_might_have_been_heard
_	_	_	_	_
PLUPERFECT	ACTIVE	_	PLUPERFECT	PASSIVE
Audivissem	if_I_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_essem	if_I_had_been_heard
Audivisses	if_You_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_esses	if_You_had_been_heard
Audivisset	if_He_had_heard	_	Auditus_a_um_esset	if_He_had_been_heard
Audivissemus	if_We_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_essemus	if_We_had_been_heard
Audivissetis	if_You_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_essetis	if_You_had_been_heard
Audivissent	if_They_had_heard	_	Auditi_ae_a_essent	if_They_had_been_heard

Notes:
All Forms: He = He She or It
Imperfect tables are typical for ongoing past action: I was hearing.
Subjunctive typically used to express doubt, possibility, and purpose (after ut).

Infinitives, Participles, Gerunds, Gerundives Active and Passive Audio -ire I hear

TABLE 5 Other Forms

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Present_Infinitive_=_audire	Present_Infinitive_=_audiri
Perfect_Infinitive_=_audivisse	Perfect_Infinitive_=_auditus_a_um_esse
Future_Infinitive_=_auditurus_a_um_esse	Future_Infinitive_= none
_	_
ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Present_Participle_=_audiens	Present_Participle_= none
Perfect_Participle_= none	Perfect_Participle_=_auditus_a_um
Future_Participle_=_auditurus_a_um	Future_Participle_=_audiendus_a_um*

The Present Participle
The present participle is a verbal adjective, sometimes a verbal noun. It takes third declension adjective endings.

Masculine and Feminine Singular and Plural: Audien_s, tis, ti, tem, ti (or te) , tes, tium, tibus, tes, tibus.
Neuter Singular and Plural: Audien_s, tis, ti, s, ti (or te), tia, tium, tibus, tia, tibus.

Other Participles
Other participles take the us a um first and second declension noun endings.

The Perfect Passive Infinitive has the same form as the Perfect Passive Participle (the 4th principal part of the verb) except the infinitive form includes esse.

*Gerundive - The Gerundive is the Future Passive Participle audiendus, audienda, audiendum.
The Gerundive acts as a passive verbal adjective.
The Gerundive takes the set of us a um first and second declension noun endings.
The Gerundive with the verb to be indicates necessity. Example: Carthago delenda est means Carthage must (is to) be destroyed.

Gerund - The Gerund is an active verbal noun, formed from the Neuter Singular form of the Gerundive, without the Nominative Case. The gerund is sometimes shown as audiendi, audiendo, audiendum, audiendo (genitive through ablative, without a nominative).

When the Gerund would otherwise be a subject (and in the Nominative), the present active infinitive is used instead (Errare humanum est). English can say erring is human. Latin can not, and says to err is human.

Supine - The Supine is an independent form consisting of only two cases, the accusative and the ablative singulars. The supine grafts the fourth declension neuter accusative singular um (First Supine) or the fourth declension neuter ablative singular u (Second Supine) onto the Perfect Participle (the 4th Principal Part) in place of the us a um first and second declension endings. The first supine (auditum) shows the purpose behind a verb of motion. Venit (motion - he came) auditum (= to hear) orationem (the speech). The second supine (auditu) refers an adjective back to a subject. Example: facile auditu easy (= easily) heard.

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