Verb Charts - First Conjugation Indicative and Subjunctive

First Conjugation Endings on Present Stem, Indicative, Laudo -are I praise

laudo laudare laudavi laudatus a um

Present Imperative Singlular = Lauda ___Present Imperative Plural = Laudate

TABLE 1 Present Stem Indicative

PRESENT	ACTIVE		PRESENT	PASSIVE
Laudo	I praise		Laudor	I am praised
Laudas	You praise		Laudaris	You are praised
Laudat	He praises		Laudatur	He is praised
Laudamus	We praise		Laudamur	We are praised
Laudatis	You praise		Laudamini	You are praised
Laudant	They praise		Laudantur	They are praised
IMPERFECT	ACTIVE		IMPERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudabam	I was praising		Laudabar	I was being praised
Laudabas	You were praising		Laudabaris	You were being praised
Laudabat	He was praising		Laudabatur	He was being praised
Laudabamus	We were praising		Laudabamur	We were being praised
Laudabatis	You were praising		Laudabamini	You were being praised
Laudabant	They were praising		Laudabantur	They were being praised
FUTURE	ACTIVE		FUTURE	PASSIVE
Laudabo	I will praise		Laudabor	I will be praised
Laudabis	You will praise		Laudaberis	You will be praised
Laudabit	He will praise		Laudabitur	He will be praised
Laudabimus	We will praise		Laudabimur	We will be praised
Laudabitis	You will praise		Laudabimini	You will be praised
Laudabunt	They will praise		Laudabuntur	They will be praised

First Conjugation Endings on Present Stem, Subjunctive, Laudo -are I (might) praise

TABLE 2 Present Stem Subjunctive

PRESENT	ACTIVE		PRESENT	PASSIVE
Laudem	I might praise		Lauder	I might be praised
Laudes	You might praise		Lauderis	You might be praised
Laudet	He might praise		Laudetur	He might be praised
Laudemus	We might praise		Laudemur	We might be praised
Laudetis	You might praise		Laudemini	You might be praised
Laudent	They might praise		Laudentur	They might be praised
IMPERFECT	ACTIVE		IMPERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudarem	if I were praising		Laudarer	if I were being praised
Laudares	if You were praising		Laudareris	if You were being praised
Laudaret	if He were praising		Laudaretur	if He were being praised
Laudaremus	if We were praising		Laudaremur	if We were being praised
Laudaretis	if You were praising		Laudaremini	if You were being praised
Laudarent	if They were praising		Laudarentur	if They were being praised

First Conjugation Endings on Perfect Stem, Indicative, Laudo -are I praise

TABLE 3 Perfect Stem Indicative

PERFECT	ACTIVE		PERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudavi	I have praised		Laudatus a um sum	I have been praised
Laudavisti	You have praised		Laudatus a um es	You have been praised
Laudavit	He has praised		Laudatus a um est	He has been praised
Laudavimus	We have praised		Laudati ae a sumus	We have been praised
Laudavistis	You have praised		Laudati ae a estis	You have been praised
Laudaverunt	They have praised		Laudati ae a sunt	They have been praised
PLUPERFECT	ACTIVE		PLUPERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudaveram	I had praised		Laudatus a um eram	I had been praised
Laudaveras	You had praised		Laudatus a um eras	You had been praised
Laudaverat	He had praised		Laudatus a um erat	He had been praised
Laudaveramus	We had praised		Laudati ae a eramus	We had been praised
Laudaveratis	You had praised		Laudati ae a eratis	You had been praised
Laudaverant	They had praised		Laudati ae a erant	They had been praised
FUTURE PERFECT	ACTIVE		FUTURE PERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudavero	I will have praised		Laudatus a um ero	I will have been praised
Laudaveris	You will have praised		Laudatus a um eris	You will have been praised
Laudaverit	He will have praised		Laudatus a um erit	He will have been praised
Laudaverimus	We will have praised		Laudati ae a erimus	We will have been praised
Laudaveritis	You will have praised		Laudati ae a eritis	You will have been praised
Laudaverint	They will have praised		Laudati ae a erunt	They will have been praised

First Conjugation Endings on Perfect Stem, Subjunctive, Laudo -are I (might) praise

TABLE 4 Perfect Stem Subjunctive

PERFECT	ACTIVE		PERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudaverim	I might have praised		Laudatus a um sim	I might have been praised
Laudaveris	You might have praised		Laudatus a um sis	You might have been praised
Laudaverit	He might have praised		Laudatus a um sit	He might have been praised
Laudaverimus	We might have praised		Laudati ae a simus	We might have been praised
Laudaveritis	You might have praised		Laudati ae a sitis	You might have been praised
Laudaverint	They might have praised		Laudati ae a sint	They might have been praised
PLUPERFECT	ACTIVE		PLUPERFECT	PASSIVE
Laudavissem	if I had praised		Laudatus a um essem	if I had been praised
Laudavisses	if You had praised		Laudatus a um esses	if You had been praised
Laudavisset	if He had praised		Laudatus a um esset	if He had been praised
Laudavissemus	if We had praised		Laudati ae a essemus	if We had been praised
Laudavissetis	if You had praised		Laudati ae a essetis	if You had been praised
Laudavissent	if They had praised		Laudati ae a essent	if They had been praised

Notes:
All Forms: He = He She or It
Imperfect tables are typical for ongoing past action: I was praising.
Subjunctive typically used to express doubt, possibility, and purpose (after ut).

Infinitives, Participles, Gerunds, Gerundives Active and Passive Laudo -are I praise

TABLE 5 Other Forms

ACTIVE		PASSIVE
Present Infinitive = laudare		Present Infinitive = laudari
Perfect Infinitive = laudavisse		Perfect Infinitive = laudatus a um esse
Future Infinitive = laudaturus a um esse		Future Infinitive = none
ACTIVE		PASSIVE
Present Participle = laudans		Present Participle = none
Perfect Participle = none		Perfect Participle = laudatus a um
Future Participle = laudaturus a um		Future Participle = laudandus a um

The Present Participle

The present participle is a verbal adjective, sometimes a verbal noun. It takes third declension adjective endings.

Masculine and Feminine Singular and Plural: Laudan_s, tis, ti, tem, ti (or te) , tes, tium, tibus, tes, tibus.
Neuter Singular and Plural: Laudan_s, tis, ti, s, ti (or te), tia, tium, tibus, tia, tibus.

Other Participles
Other participles take the us a um first and second declension noun endings.

The Perfect Passive Infinitive has the same form as the Perfect Passive Participle (the 4th principal part of the verb) except the infinitive form includes esse.

*Gerundive - The Gerundive is the Future Passive Participle laudandus, laudanda, laudandum.
The Gerundive acts as a passive verbal adjective.
The Gerundive takes the set of us a um first and second declension noun endings.
The Gerundive with the verb to be indicates necessity. Example: Carthago delenda est means Carthage must (is to) be destroyed.

Gerund - The Gerund is an active verbal noun, formed from the Neuter Singular form of the Gerundive, without the Nominative Case. The gerund is sometimes shown as laudandi, laudando, laudandum, laudando (genitive through ablative, without a nominative).

When the Gerund would otherwise be a subject (and in the Nominative), the present active infinitive is used instead (Errare humanum est). English can say erring is human. Latin can not, and says to err is human.

Supine - The Supine is an independent form consisting of only two cases, the accusative and the ablative singulars. The supine grafts the fourth declension neuter accusative singular um (First Supine) or the fourth declension neuter ablative singular u (Second Supine) onto the Perfect Participle (the 4th Principal Part) in place of the us a um first and second declension endings. The first supine (laudatum) shows the purpose behind a verb of motion. Venit (motion - he came) laudatum (= to praise) fortitudines (the brave actions). The second supine (laudatu) refers an adjective back to a subject. Example: facile laudatu easy (= easily) praised.

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